专业英语中常用符号和数学表达式大全
专业英语中常用符号和数学表达式1．数的分类
complex number 复数 zero; naught;0 零
real number 实数 imaginary number 虚数
relational number 有理数 irrational number 无理数
integer number 整数 positive integer number 正整数
natural number 自然数 negative integer number 负整数
fraction 分数 decimal 小数
odd number 奇数 even number 偶数
cardinal number 基数 ordinal number 序数
approximate number 近似数 significant number 有效数
2．整数
addition 加法 subtraction 减法
addend 加数 subtrahend 减数
augend 被加数 minuend 被减数
plus sign 加号 minus sign 减号
sum 和 difference（diffa）差
plus; add; and; increase 加 minus; decrease; subtract 减
is; equal 等 division 除法
multiplication 乘法 divide 除
multiply; multiplied by; times 乘 divisor 除数
multiplier 乘数 dividend 被除数
multiplicand 被乘数 quotient 商
product 积 remainder 余数
positive 正 negative 负
3．小数和分数
numerator 分子 denominator 分母
decimal point 小数点 naught point four 零点四
fraction stroke 分数线 recurring decimal 循环小数
4．百分数
percent 百分比 interest 利息
average 平均数 round off 舍入
discount 折扣
5．幂与指数
power 幂; 乘方 root-extracting 开方
exponent 指数 logarithms 对数
X squared 某数的平方 cube 三次方
three cubed 三次方的 four 乘四次方
cube root 立方根 square root 平方根
to rise to the power of five 使乘五次方 radical sign根号
6．代数
algebra 代数 equation 等式; 方程式
inequality 不等式 unknown number 未知数
absolute value绝对值 simple equation 一次方程
quadratic equation 二次方程 cubic equation 三次方程
monomial 单项式 polynomial 多项式
variable 变量 coefficient 系数
differential 微分 integral 积分
derivative 导数 function 函数
ratio 比 proportion 比例
sign of equality等号 sign of inequality不等号
interval 区间 matrix 矩阵
theorem 定理 lemma 引理
definition 定义
7．常用数学表达式
1/2
a half; one half
l/3 a third; one third
2/3 two thirds
1/4 a quarter; one quarter; a fourth; one fourth
l/100 a（one）hundredth
l/1,000 a（one）thousandth
113/324 one hundred and thirteen over three hundred and twenty-four
four and two-thirds
forty-five and eighty-nine over twenty-three
0.1 one tenth; point one
0.01 one hundredth; point zero one
0.001 one thousandth; point zero zero one; point two zero one
2050.0357 two thousand and fifty point zero three five seven
0.25 zero point two five
point two five repetend five
zero point two five recurring
zero point three seven twenty-five recurring
对483579四舍五入到千位 round off 483579 to nearest thousand
108 one followed by eighteen zeros
-30.8 negative thirty point eight
2-3i two minus three i; two minus three times i
2％ two per cent; two percent
5‰ five per mill; five permill
∞ infinity
x＋y＝z
x plus y is z; add x to y is z; x and y is z
(x＋y) bracket x plus y bracket closed
x-y x minus y; subtract y from x; y from x; x subtracts y
x±y x plus or minus y
x×y; xy xy; multiply x by y; x multiplied by y; x by y; x times y;
x÷y
divide x by y; y into x
x over y
x : y the ration of x to y
x∝y x varies as y; x is in direct proportion to y
x＝y x equals y; x is equal to y; x is y
x≠y x is not equal to y; x is not y
x≡y x is identical to y; x is equivalent to y; x is equivalent to y;
x≈y x is approximately equal to y; x approximately equals y
x＞y x is greater than y; x is more than y
x>>y x is much greater than y; x is far greater than y
x≥y x is greater than or equal to y
x＜y x is less than y
x<<y x is much less than y
x≤y x is less than or equal to y
0＜x＜1 zero is less than x is less than 1; x is greater than zero and less than 1
0≤x≤1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1
x2 x square; x squared; the square of x;
the second power of x; x to second power
x3 x cube; x cubed; the cube of x;
the third power of x; x to the third power
xn the nth power of x; x to the nth power; x to the power n
the square root of x; x squared
the cube root of x
the nth root of x
x-n x to the (power) minus n
(x+y)2
x plus y all squared
x over y all squared
x i x i; x subscript i; x suffix i; x sub i
lognx
log x to the base n; log of x to the base n
log10x log x to base 10; common logarithm
logex; lnx log x to the base e; log to the base e of y; natural log (of) y
ex; exp(x) exponential function of x, e to the power x
the summation of x sub i, where i goes from 1 to n;
the sum from i equals one to n x i;
the sum as i runs from one to n of the x i
the product of x sub i, where i goes from one to n
the product of all x i from i equals one to n
the product of all xi from i equals one to infinity
the absolute value of x; mod x; modulus x
the mean value of x; x bar
x hat
x tilde
x* x asterisk
x prime
x double prime
x double prime sub m
f(x) f x; f of x; the function f of x
a function f from S to T
f¢(x) f prime x; f dash x; the (1st) derivative of f with respect to x
f²(x) f double–prime x; f double–dash x; the second derivative of f with respect to x
f¢²(x) f triple–prime x; f triple–dash x; the third derivative of f with respect to x
f4(x) four x; the fourth derivative of f with respect to x
x! n factorial
△ finite difference or increment
△x,δx the increment of x
dx dee x; dee of x; differential x
del; nabla
nth del (nabla)
the differential coefficient of y with respect to x;
the first derivative of y with respect of x
the second derivative of y with respect of x
the nth derivative of y with respect of x
the partial (derivative) of y with respect to u
the second partial (derivative) of y with respect to x
the partial derivation of z with respect to x of the partial derivative of z with respect to y
∫ integral of
∫∫ double Integral of
∫…∫ n-fold integral of
the integral between limits a and b; the integral from a to b
the indefinite integral of a times x with respect to x
the integral from a to b of function of x
the double integral of f of x,y
the limit as x approaches 0
the limit as x approaches 0 from above
the limit as x approaches 0 from below
there exists
for all
∵ because
∴ therefore
x⊥y x is perpendicular to y
x∥y x is parallel to y
x～y the difference between x and y
x∝y x varies directly as y
xÞy x implies y; if x, then y
xÛy x if and only if y; x is equivalent to y; x and y are equivalent
{ };
empty set
xÎA x belongs to A; x is an element (or a member) of A
xÏA x does not belong to A; x is not an element (or a member) of A
AÌB A is contained in B; A is a subset of B
AÉB A contains B;B is a subset of A
AÇB A cap B; A meet B; A intersection B
AÈB A cup B; A join B; A union B
A\B A minus B; the difference between A and B
A×B A cross B; the Cartesian product of A and B(A与B的笛卡尔积)
||A||
the norm (or modulus) of A
vector F
AB; the length of the segment AB
AT A transpose; the transpose of A
A-1 A inverse; the inverse of A
x→y x maps into y; x is sent (or mapped) to y
x→∞ x approaches infinity
∠x
angle x
x is perpendicular to y
x is parallel to y
sin sine
cos cosine
tg, tan tangent
ctg, cot cotangent
sc, sec secant
csc, cosec cosecant
sin-1, arcsin arc sine
cos-1, arcos arc cosine
sinh the hyperbolic sine
cosh the hyperbolic cosine
( ) round brackets; parentheses ;the signs of grouping
[ ] square（angular）brackets; bracket
< > angle bracket
{} braces
8．常用希腊字母
字母 读音 字母 读音 字母 读音
alpha
beta ,
gama
xi ,
psi
delta
epsilon
zeta ,
phi
omega
lambda
mn
nu
eta
rho
,
sigma
tau
pi
9．其他数学名词
line 线 angle 角
intersecting line 相交线 parallel line 平行线
triangle 三角形 quadrilateral 四边形
rectangle 矩形 lozenge 菱形
square正方形 polygon多边形
circle圆 arc弧
perimeter周长 area面积
diameter直径 volume体积
10．具体读法实例
y=f(x) y is a function of x
6×5＝30 six times (multiplied by) five equals (is equal to) thirty
(x-y)(x+y) x minus y; x plus y
the fifth root of x square
y-10 y to the minus tenth (power)
20 : 5＝16 : 4 the ratio of 20 to 5 equals the ration of 16 to 4 (20 is to 5 as 16 is to 4)
e=1.6×10-19 e equals one point multiplied by ten to minus nineteenth power
10-n ten to the minus n
one over n square
one over one minus n times z reverse
f(x)=ax2+bx+c the function of x equals a times the square of x plus b times x plus c
|a|=b the absolute value of a equals that of b
max f(x) the maximum value of f(x)
min f(x) the minimum value of f(x)
an∞ a sub n approaches / tends to infinity
the limit of Sn as n gets arbitrarily large is one third
x to the fifth power plus A over (divided by) the quantity x squared plus B, to the two-thirds power
(A+B)C the quantity A plus B times C
A+B=C A plus B equals C
A-B=C A minus B equals C
A×B=C A multiplied by B equals C
A/B=C A divided by B equals C
A : B=C : D A is to B of A to B as C is to D
11．数学问题求解的一般表示
Solve the following system of equations
Solution: multiply equation (1) by (2) and get
Subtract equation (2) from equation (4), and get
Subtract equation (3) from equation (2), and get
from equation (5) from equation (6),obtain x and y. 呃从WORD里复制过来以后表格布局乱了··
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再提供一个Word版供下载
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